[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1279},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fformat\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffor-geologists":3,"navigation":907},{"collection":4,"page":5},"docs_en",{"id":6,"title":7,"body":8,"description":898,"extension":899,"meta":900,"navigation":901,"path":902,"rawbody":903,"seo":904,"stem":905,"__hash__":906},"docs_en\u002Fformat\u002F1.getting-started\u002F2.for-geologists.md","For geologists",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":887},"minimark",[11,31,39,43,48,69,77,81,188,203,207,214,409,441,465,469,472,616,632,636,647,723,735,747,751,784,787,791,812,821,825,841,861,865,883],[12,13,14,15,19,20,22,23,30],"p",{},"This page is for geologists, hydrogeologists and drillers who know what a well report contains and want to know where each item goes in a ",[16,17,18],"code",{},".well"," file. No programming is needed. A ",[16,21,18],{}," file is text, and the ",[24,25,29],"a",{"href":26,"rel":27},"https:\u002F\u002Fwelldot.org",[28],"nofollow","welldot.org"," editor writes it for you if you prefer forms to JSON.",[12,32,33,34,38],{},"The well below is one of the ",[24,35,37],{"href":36},"\u002Fformat\u002Freference\u002Fexamples","example files",": a 26 m well in the Dunas-Barreiras aquifer with two screens, a gravel pack and a cemented annulus. The profile is drawn from the file itself.",[40,41],"well-preview",{"example":42},"extremoz-rn-barreiras-raso",[44,45,47],"h2",{"id":46},"read-a-file-as-a-report","Read a file as a report",[12,49,50,51,55,56,59,60,63,64,68],{},"A file is a list of named blocks. Most blocks are lists of ",[52,53,54],"strong",{},"intervals",": a ",[16,57,58],{},"from"," depth and a ",[16,61,62],{},"to"," depth in meters, measured down from the ground surface. A casing from 0 to 8 m, a sandstone layer from 1.5 to 6 m and a screen from 8 to 11 m are all written the same way. The ",[24,65,67],{"href":66},"\u002Fformat\u002Fconcepts\u002Fdepths-and-intervals","depth convention"," is the one idea to learn before anything else.",[12,70,71,72,76],{},"Measurements use one unit each, always the same: depths in meters, diameters in millimeters, flow rates in m³\u002Fh. A casing sold as 6 inches is written with its real outer diameter in millimeters. See ",[24,73,75],{"href":74},"\u002Fformat\u002Fconcepts\u002Funits-and-precision","Units and precision",".",[44,78,80],{"id":79},"identity-and-location","Identity and location",[82,83,84,97],"table",{},[85,86,87],"thead",{},[88,89,90,94],"tr",{},[91,92,93],"th",{},"In the report",[91,95,96],{},"In the file",[98,99,100,111,127,141,159,174],"tbody",{},[88,101,102,106],{},[103,104,105],"td",{},"Well name or code",[103,107,108],{},[16,109,110],{},"name",[88,112,113,116],{},[103,114,115],{},"Type of well (tubular, hand-dug, gallery)",[103,117,118,121,122,126],{},[16,119,120],{},"well_type",", the construction method only (",[24,123,125],{"href":124},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#well_type--recommended-values","values",")",[88,128,129,132],{},[103,130,131],{},"Use (supply, monitoring, piezometer)",[103,133,134,137,138,126],{},[16,135,136],{},"well_purpose",", a list (",[24,139,125],{"href":140},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#well_purpose--recommended-values-since-v21",[88,142,143,146],{},[103,144,145],{},"Driller, completion date",[103,147,148,151,152,155,156,126],{},[16,149,150],{},"well_driller",", ",[16,153,154],{},"construction_date"," (",[16,157,158],{},"YYYY-MM-DD",[88,160,161,164],{},[103,162,163],{},"Registry numbers (SIAGAS, CNARH, a state agency)",[103,165,166,169,170,126],{},[16,167,168],{},"well_id",", one entry per authority (",[24,171,173],{"href":172},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#well_id","rules",[88,175,176,179],{},[103,177,178],{},"Coordinates and ground elevation",[103,180,181,184,185,126],{},[16,182,183],{},"location",", in decimal degrees on WGS84 (",[24,186,173],{"href":187},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#location",[189,190,191],"tip",{},[12,192,193,194,197,198,202],{},"An artesian well is not a type of construction. Write ",[16,195,196],{},"well_type: \"tubular\""," and record the flowing condition as a water level above ground, which is a negative depth (",[24,199,201],{"href":200},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#level-sign-convention","level sign convention",").",[44,204,206],{"id":205},"lithology-fractures-and-cavities","Lithology, fractures and cavities",[12,208,209,210,213],{},"Each layer of the lithological description is one entry of ",[16,211,212],{},"lithology",":",[215,216,221],"pre",{"className":217,"code":218,"language":219,"meta":220,"style":220},"language-json shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","{\n  \"from\": 1.5,\n  \"to\": 6,\n  \"description\": \"Arenito médio a grosso, pouco argiloso, creme-amarelado\",\n  \"color\": \"#e2cf9a\",\n  \"texture\": { \"code\": 607, \"vocabulary\": \"fgdc\" },\n  \"geologic_unit\": \"Grupo Barreiras\",\n  \"aquifer_unit\": \"Sistema Aquífero Dunas-Barreiras\"\n}\n","json","",[16,222,223,232,253,269,292,313,362,383,403],{"__ignoreMap":220},[224,225,228],"span",{"class":226,"line":227},"line",1,[224,229,231],{"class":230},"sMK4o","{\n",[224,233,235,238,241,244,246,250],{"class":226,"line":234},2,[224,236,237],{"class":230},"  \"",[224,239,58],{"class":240},"spNyl",[224,242,243],{"class":230},"\"",[224,245,213],{"class":230},[224,247,249],{"class":248},"sbssI"," 1.5",[224,251,252],{"class":230},",\n",[224,254,256,258,260,262,264,267],{"class":226,"line":255},3,[224,257,237],{"class":230},[224,259,62],{"class":240},[224,261,243],{"class":230},[224,263,213],{"class":230},[224,265,266],{"class":248}," 6",[224,268,252],{"class":230},[224,270,272,274,277,279,281,284,288,290],{"class":226,"line":271},4,[224,273,237],{"class":230},[224,275,276],{"class":240},"description",[224,278,243],{"class":230},[224,280,213],{"class":230},[224,282,283],{"class":230}," \"",[224,285,287],{"class":286},"sfazB","Arenito médio a grosso, pouco argiloso, creme-amarelado",[224,289,243],{"class":230},[224,291,252],{"class":230},[224,293,295,297,300,302,304,306,309,311],{"class":226,"line":294},5,[224,296,237],{"class":230},[224,298,299],{"class":240},"color",[224,301,243],{"class":230},[224,303,213],{"class":230},[224,305,283],{"class":230},[224,307,308],{"class":286},"#e2cf9a",[224,310,243],{"class":230},[224,312,252],{"class":230},[224,314,316,318,321,323,325,328,330,333,335,337,340,343,345,348,350,352,354,357,359],{"class":226,"line":315},6,[224,317,237],{"class":230},[224,319,320],{"class":240},"texture",[224,322,243],{"class":230},[224,324,213],{"class":230},[224,326,327],{"class":230}," {",[224,329,283],{"class":230},[224,331,16],{"class":332},"sBMFI",[224,334,243],{"class":230},[224,336,213],{"class":230},[224,338,339],{"class":248}," 607",[224,341,342],{"class":230},",",[224,344,283],{"class":230},[224,346,347],{"class":332},"vocabulary",[224,349,243],{"class":230},[224,351,213],{"class":230},[224,353,283],{"class":230},[224,355,356],{"class":286},"fgdc",[224,358,243],{"class":230},[224,360,361],{"class":230}," },\n",[224,363,365,367,370,372,374,376,379,381],{"class":226,"line":364},7,[224,366,237],{"class":230},[224,368,369],{"class":240},"geologic_unit",[224,371,243],{"class":230},[224,373,213],{"class":230},[224,375,283],{"class":230},[224,377,378],{"class":286},"Grupo Barreiras",[224,380,243],{"class":230},[224,382,252],{"class":230},[224,384,386,388,391,393,395,397,400],{"class":226,"line":385},8,[224,387,237],{"class":230},[224,389,390],{"class":240},"aquifer_unit",[224,392,243],{"class":230},[224,394,213],{"class":230},[224,396,283],{"class":230},[224,398,399],{"class":286},"Sistema Aquífero Dunas-Barreiras",[224,401,402],{"class":230},"\"\n",[224,404,406],{"class":226,"line":405},9,[224,407,408],{"class":230},"}\n",[410,411,412,418,428,433],"ul",{},[413,414,415,417],"li",{},[16,416,276],{}," is the driller's or geologist's description, kept in the language of the report.",[413,419,420,422,423,427],{},[16,421,320],{}," is the fill pattern drawn on the profile. By default it is a code from the FGDC geologic map symbolization standard; the 600 series covers sedimentary rocks and the 700 series metamorphic and igneous rocks. The ",[24,424,426],{"href":425},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Freference\u002Ffgdc-textures","FGDC texture reference"," lists all 282 codes and marks the ones that have a drawn pattern.",[413,429,430,432],{},[16,431,299],{}," is the color used for the layer, as a hex code.",[413,434,435,437,438,440],{},[16,436,369],{}," and ",[16,439,390],{}," name the stratigraphic unit and the aquifer it belongs to.",[12,442,443,444,447,448,451,452,151,456,437,460,464],{},"Discrete fractures go in ",[16,445,446],{},"fractures"," with their depth, dip, azimuth and whether they yield water. Cavities, common in karst, go in ",[16,449,450],{},"caves"," as intervals. See the ",[24,453,455],{"href":454},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#lithology--lithology","Lithology",[24,457,459],{"href":458},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#fracture--fractures","Fracture",[24,461,463],{"href":462},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#cave--caves","Cave"," schemas.",[44,466,468],{"id":467},"construction","Construction",[12,470,471],{},"Construction is described as the well was built (as-built), one block per component:",[82,473,474,487],{},[85,475,476],{},[88,477,478,481,484],{},[91,479,480],{},"Component",[91,482,483],{},"Block",[91,485,486],{},"Notes",[98,488,489,502,519,539,552,565,590,603],{},[88,490,491,494,499],{},[103,492,493],{},"Drilled hole",[103,495,496],{},[16,497,498],{},"bore_hole",[103,500,501],{},"One entry per diameter; a telescoping hole has several.",[88,503,504,507,512],{},[103,505,506],{},"Blank casing",[103,508,509],{},[16,510,511],{},"well_case",[103,513,514,515,518],{},"Material in ",[16,516,517],{},"type",", outer diameter in mm.",[88,520,521,524,529],{},[103,522,523],{},"Screen (filter)",[103,525,526],{},[16,527,528],{},"well_screen",[103,530,531,532,535,536,76],{},"Slot opening in mm (",[16,533,534],{},"screen_slot","), screen design in ",[16,537,538],{},"slot_type",[88,540,541,544,549],{},[103,542,543],{},"Diameter reduction",[103,545,546],{},[16,547,548],{},"reduction",[103,550,551],{},"Diameter at the top and at the bottom.",[88,553,554,557,562],{},[103,555,556],{},"Surface (protective) casing",[103,558,559],{},[16,560,561],{},"surface_case",[103,563,564],{},"The outer casing near the surface.",[88,566,567,570,575],{},[103,568,569],{},"Gravel pack and seals",[103,571,572],{},[16,573,574],{},"hole_fill",[103,576,577,579,580,583,584,587,588,76],{},[16,578,517],{}," is ",[16,581,582],{},"gravel_pack"," or ",[16,585,586],{},"seal","; the material goes in ",[16,589,276],{},[88,591,592,595,600],{},[103,593,594],{},"Centralizers",[103,596,597],{},[16,598,599],{},"centralizers",[103,601,602],{},"An interval and a spacing, as reports give them.",[88,604,605,608,613],{},[103,606,607],{},"Wellhead pad",[103,609,610],{},[16,611,612],{},"cement_pad",[103,614,615],{},"Dimensions in meters.",[12,617,618,619,622,623,627,628,76],{},"A casing that sticks up above the ground starts at a negative depth, for example ",[16,620,621],{},"\"from\": -0.5",". The schemas are in ",[24,624,626],{"href":625},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#object-schemas","Object schemas",", and the recommended names for materials are in ",[24,629,631],{"href":630},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#construction-materials--recommended-values-since-v23","Construction materials",[44,633,635],{"id":634},"water-levels-and-pumping-tests","Water levels and pumping tests",[12,637,638,639,642,643,646],{},"Every measurement of the water level and every pumping test is an ",[52,640,641],{},"event"," in ",[16,644,645],{},"hydrodynamic_events",", kept in time order. Each event has a type:",[82,648,649,661],{},[85,650,651],{},[88,652,653,656],{},[91,654,655],{},"Field work",[91,657,658,659],{},"Event ",[16,660,517],{},[98,662,663,673,683,693,703,713],{},[88,664,665,668],{},[103,666,667],{},"Static level read during a visit",[103,669,670],{},[16,671,672],{},"spot_measurement",[88,674,675,678],{},[103,676,677],{},"Test at one constant flow rate",[103,679,680],{},[16,681,682],{},"constant_rate",[88,684,685,688],{},[103,686,687],{},"Step-drawdown test",[103,689,690],{},[16,691,692],{},"step_drawdown",[88,694,695,698],{},[103,696,697],{},"Air-lift development with an estimated yield",[103,699,700],{},[16,701,702],{},"airlift",[88,704,705,708],{},[103,706,707],{},"Recovery readings without the drawdown phase",[103,709,710],{},[16,711,712],{},"recovery_only",[88,714,715,718],{},[103,716,717],{},"Data logger series",[103,719,720],{},[16,721,722],{},"logger_series",[12,724,725,726,729,730,76],{},"A test holds its static level, its pumping steps (rate in m³\u002Fh, duration in minutes, readings of elapsed time and depth) and an optional recovery phase. Drawdown and specific capacity are ",[52,727,728],{},"not"," stored: software computes them from the readings, so they can never disagree with the data. See ",[24,731,733],{"href":732},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#hydrodynamic_events",[16,734,645],{},[12,736,737,738,741,742,76],{},"The interpretation of a test is a separate entry in ",[16,739,740],{},"aquifer_analysis",": transmissivity, storativity, Jacob coefficients, recommended flow rate, the method and the analyst, and the ids of the events it used. Several interpretations of the same test can coexist. See ",[24,743,745],{"href":744},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#aquifer_analysis",[16,746,740],{},[44,748,750],{"id":749},"history-permits-and-operation","History, permits and operation",[410,752,753,759,765,774],{},[413,754,755,758],{},[16,756,757],{},"history_logs"," is the well's logbook: maintenance, inspections, incidents and changes of status (active, inactive, decommissioned, abandoned).",[413,760,761,764],{},[16,762,763],{},"permits"," records abstraction permits (outorgas), their validity, granted flow and conditions (condicionantes), and when each condition was met.",[413,766,767,437,770,773],{},[16,768,769],{},"pump_installations",[16,771,772],{},"meters"," record each pump and totalizer for the period it was installed.",[413,775,776,779,780,783],{},[16,777,778],{},"production"," holds meter readings, from which volumes are calculated, and ",[16,781,782],{},"operating_regime"," the declared pumping hours and flow.",[12,785,786],{},"These blocks are optional. A drilling report alone fills the construction and geology and leaves them out.",[44,788,790],{"id":789},"water-quality","Water quality",[12,792,793,794,797,798,151,801,151,804,807,808,811],{},"Each sample is one entry of ",[16,795,796],{},"water_samples",", with its date, sampling point, laboratory and a list of results. A result names its parameter by a code (",[16,799,800],{},"nitrate_as_n",[16,802,803],{},"ph",[16,805,806],{},"total_coliforms",") and gives a value, a presence or absence, or a text. Results below the detection limit keep their qualifier (",[16,809,810],{},"\u003C","). The unit comes from the parameter code, so it is never written next to the value.",[12,813,814,815,817,818,76],{},"Drinking water limits are ",[52,816,728],{}," written in the file. Software compares the results with the limit set the reader chooses (WHO, the EU directive, the Brazilian ordinance). See ",[24,819,790],{"href":820},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fwater-quality",[44,822,824],{"id":823},"what-to-do-with-missing-data","What to do with missing data",[12,826,827,828,832,833,155,836,840],{},"Leave it out. The format is built for ",[24,829,831],{"href":830},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Foverview#design-principles","graceful incompleteness",": a field without a value is omitted, never filled with a guess, zero or ",[16,834,835],{},"null",[24,837,839],{"href":838},"\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#absent-values-since-v24","absent values","). A file with only construction and lithology is complete enough to be drawn and registered, and more can be added later.",[842,843,844],"note",{},[12,845,846,847,850,851,855,856,860],{},"The schema requires the construction and geology blocks even when they are empty: write ",[16,848,849],{},"\"fractures\": []"," when the report mentions none. The ",[24,852,854],{"href":853},"\u002Fformat\u002Freference\u002Fobjects\u002Fwell","Well object reference"," lists which blocks are required, and ",[24,857,859],{"href":858},"\u002Fformat\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffirst-well-file","Your first .well file"," shows the minimum.",[44,862,864],{"id":863},"next","Next",[410,866,867,871,878],{},[413,868,869],{},[24,870,859],{"href":858},[413,872,873,877],{},[24,874,876],{"href":875},"\u002Fformat\u002Fguides\u002Fconverting-a-report","Converting a report",", by hand or with an AI assistant",[413,879,880],{},[24,881,882],{"href":66},"Depths and intervals",[884,885,886],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":220,"searchDepth":234,"depth":234,"links":888},[889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897],{"id":46,"depth":234,"text":47},{"id":79,"depth":234,"text":80},{"id":205,"depth":234,"text":206},{"id":467,"depth":234,"text":468},{"id":634,"depth":234,"text":635},{"id":749,"depth":234,"text":750},{"id":789,"depth":234,"text":790},{"id":823,"depth":234,"text":824},{"id":863,"depth":234,"text":864},"How the parts of a drilling report and a well's later history map onto a .well file, explained in field terms.","md",{},true,"\u002Fformat\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffor-geologists","---\ntitle: For geologists\ndescription: How the parts of a drilling report and a well's later history map onto a .well file, explained in field terms.\n---\n\nThis page is for geologists, hydrogeologists and drillers who know what a well report contains and want to know where each item goes in a `.well` file. No programming is needed. A `.well` file is text, and the [welldot.org](https:\u002F\u002Fwelldot.org) editor writes it for you if you prefer forms to JSON.\n\nThe well below is one of the [example files](\u002Fformat\u002Freference\u002Fexamples): a 26 m well in the Dunas-Barreiras aquifer with two screens, a gravel pack and a cemented annulus. The profile is drawn from the file itself.\n\n::well-preview{example=\"extremoz-rn-barreiras-raso\"}\n::\n\n## Read a file as a report\n\nA file is a list of named blocks. Most blocks are lists of **intervals**: a `from` depth and a `to` depth in meters, measured down from the ground surface. A casing from 0 to 8 m, a sandstone layer from 1.5 to 6 m and a screen from 8 to 11 m are all written the same way. The [depth convention](\u002Fformat\u002Fconcepts\u002Fdepths-and-intervals) is the one idea to learn before anything else.\n\nMeasurements use one unit each, always the same: depths in meters, diameters in millimeters, flow rates in m³\u002Fh. A casing sold as 6 inches is written with its real outer diameter in millimeters. See [Units and precision](\u002Fformat\u002Fconcepts\u002Funits-and-precision).\n\n## Identity and location\n\n| In the report                                    | In the file                                                                                                          |\n| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Well name or code                                | `name`                                                                                                               |\n| Type of well (tubular, hand-dug, gallery)        | `well_type`, the construction method only ([values](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#well_type--recommended-values)) |\n| Use (supply, monitoring, piezometer)             | `well_purpose`, a list ([values](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#well_purpose--recommended-values-since-v21))       |\n| Driller, completion date                         | `well_driller`, `construction_date` (`YYYY-MM-DD`)                                                                   |\n| Registry numbers (SIAGAS, CNARH, a state agency) | `well_id`, one entry per authority ([rules](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#well_id))                               |\n| Coordinates and ground elevation                 | `location`, in decimal degrees on WGS84 ([rules](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#location))                         |\n\n::tip\nAn artesian well is not a type of construction. Write `well_type: \"tubular\"` and record the flowing condition as a water level above ground, which is a negative depth ([level sign convention](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#level-sign-convention)).\n::\n\n## Lithology, fractures and cavities\n\nEach layer of the lithological description is one entry of `lithology`:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"from\": 1.5,\n  \"to\": 6,\n  \"description\": \"Arenito médio a grosso, pouco argiloso, creme-amarelado\",\n  \"color\": \"#e2cf9a\",\n  \"texture\": { \"code\": 607, \"vocabulary\": \"fgdc\" },\n  \"geologic_unit\": \"Grupo Barreiras\",\n  \"aquifer_unit\": \"Sistema Aquífero Dunas-Barreiras\"\n}\n```\n\n- `description` is the driller's or geologist's description, kept in the language of the report.\n- `texture` is the fill pattern drawn on the profile. By default it is a code from the FGDC geologic map symbolization standard; the 600 series covers sedimentary rocks and the 700 series metamorphic and igneous rocks. The [FGDC texture reference](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Freference\u002Ffgdc-textures) lists all 282 codes and marks the ones that have a drawn pattern.\n- `color` is the color used for the layer, as a hex code.\n- `geologic_unit` and `aquifer_unit` name the stratigraphic unit and the aquifer it belongs to.\n\nDiscrete fractures go in `fractures` with their depth, dip, azimuth and whether they yield water. Cavities, common in karst, go in `caves` as intervals. See the [Lithology](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#lithology--lithology), [Fracture](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#fracture--fractures) and [Cave](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#cave--caves) schemas.\n\n## Construction\n\nConstruction is described as the well was built (as-built), one block per component:\n\n| Component                   | Block          | Notes                                                                  |\n| --------------------------- | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Drilled hole                | `bore_hole`    | One entry per diameter; a telescoping hole has several.                |\n| Blank casing                | `well_case`    | Material in `type`, outer diameter in mm.                              |\n| Screen (filter)             | `well_screen`  | Slot opening in mm (`screen_slot`), screen design in `slot_type`.      |\n| Diameter reduction          | `reduction`    | Diameter at the top and at the bottom.                                 |\n| Surface (protective) casing | `surface_case` | The outer casing near the surface.                                     |\n| Gravel pack and seals       | `hole_fill`    | `type` is `gravel_pack` or `seal`; the material goes in `description`. |\n| Centralizers                | `centralizers` | An interval and a spacing, as reports give them.                       |\n| Wellhead pad                | `cement_pad`   | Dimensions in meters.                                                  |\n\nA casing that sticks up above the ground starts at a negative depth, for example `\"from\": -0.5`. The schemas are in [Object schemas](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#object-schemas), and the recommended names for materials are in [Construction materials](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#construction-materials--recommended-values-since-v23).\n\n## Water levels and pumping tests\n\nEvery measurement of the water level and every pumping test is an **event** in `hydrodynamic_events`, kept in time order. Each event has a type:\n\n| Field work                                   | Event `type`       |\n| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |\n| Static level read during a visit             | `spot_measurement` |\n| Test at one constant flow rate               | `constant_rate`    |\n| Step-drawdown test                           | `step_drawdown`    |\n| Air-lift development with an estimated yield | `airlift`          |\n| Recovery readings without the drawdown phase | `recovery_only`    |\n| Data logger series                           | `logger_series`    |\n\nA test holds its static level, its pumping steps (rate in m³\u002Fh, duration in minutes, readings of elapsed time and depth) and an optional recovery phase. Drawdown and specific capacity are **not** stored: software computes them from the readings, so they can never disagree with the data. See [`hydrodynamic_events`](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#hydrodynamic_events).\n\nThe interpretation of a test is a separate entry in `aquifer_analysis`: transmissivity, storativity, Jacob coefficients, recommended flow rate, the method and the analyst, and the ids of the events it used. Several interpretations of the same test can coexist. See [`aquifer_analysis`](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fobject-schemas#aquifer_analysis).\n\n## History, permits and operation\n\n- `history_logs` is the well's logbook: maintenance, inspections, incidents and changes of status (active, inactive, decommissioned, abandoned).\n- `permits` records abstraction permits (outorgas), their validity, granted flow and conditions (condicionantes), and when each condition was met.\n- `pump_installations` and `meters` record each pump and totalizer for the period it was installed.\n- `production` holds meter readings, from which volumes are calculated, and `operating_regime` the declared pumping hours and flow.\n\nThese blocks are optional. A drilling report alone fills the construction and geology and leaves them out.\n\n## Water quality\n\nEach sample is one entry of `water_samples`, with its date, sampling point, laboratory and a list of results. A result names its parameter by a code (`nitrate_as_n`, `ph`, `total_coliforms`) and gives a value, a presence or absence, or a text. Results below the detection limit keep their qualifier (`\u003C`). The unit comes from the parameter code, so it is never written next to the value.\n\nDrinking water limits are **not** written in the file. Software compares the results with the limit set the reader chooses (WHO, the EU directive, the Brazilian ordinance). See [Water quality](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fwater-quality).\n\n## What to do with missing data\n\nLeave it out. The format is built for [graceful incompleteness](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Foverview#design-principles): a field without a value is omitted, never filled with a guess, zero or `null` ([absent values](\u002Fformat\u002Fspec\u002Fv2\u002Fformat-reference#absent-values-since-v24)). A file with only construction and lithology is complete enough to be drawn and registered, and more can be added later.\n\n::note\nThe schema requires the construction and geology blocks even when they are empty: write `\"fractures\": []` when the report mentions none. The [Well object reference](\u002Fformat\u002Freference\u002Fobjects\u002Fwell) lists which blocks are required, and [Your first .well file](\u002Fformat\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffirst-well-file) shows the minimum.\n::\n\n## Next\n\n- [Your first .well file](\u002Fformat\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffirst-well-file)\n- [Converting a report](\u002Fformat\u002Fguides\u002Fconverting-a-report), by hand or with an AI assistant\n- [Depths and intervals](\u002Fformat\u002Fconcepts\u002Fdepths-and-intervals)\n",{"title":7,"description":898},"format\u002F1.getting-started\u002F2.for-geologists","yWkndorz5Lea6ojcsN-M9JnEPPtg6JXhVjdgs_TXBFE",{"docs_en":908,"spec":1212,"changelogs":1260},[909,929,948,1004,1102,1156],{"title":910,"path":911,"stem":912,"children":913},"Ai","\u002Fai","ai",[914,917,921,925],{"title":915,"path":911,"stem":916},"Introduction","ai\u002Findex",{"title":918,"path":919,"stem":920},"Converting reports with an 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